Publications
Home Experiments Modeling Mission Statement Fuels Publications

 

 


 

 

Publications
Home Experiments Modeling Mission Statement Fuels Publications

 

The following publications contains the details of much of the work discussed on our website.   Most are widely available from libraries.  Alternatively, the authors are pleased to provide preprints of them.  Brief summaries of selected articles are linked to the left side of this page.

Encyclopedia Articles
  1. Baxter, L. L. (1995) In Encyclopedia of Energy Technology and the Environment, Vol. 1 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 306-321.
  2. Baxter, L. L. (1997) In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 1 (Eds, Bisio, A. and Boots, S.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 198-213.

Books (edited)
  1. Baxter, L. L. and DeSollar, R. W. (Eds.) (1996) Application of Advanced Technology to Ash-Related Problems in Boilers, Plenum, New York.
  2. Wall, T., Baxter, L. and Gupta, R. (Eds.) (1999) Impact of Mineral Impurities in Solid Fuel Combustion, Plenum, New York.

Archival Journal Articles (appear in commercial citation indexes)
  1. Brewster, B. S., Baxter, L. L. and Smoot, L. D. (1988) "Treatment of Coal Devolatilization in Comprehensive Combustion Modeling," Energy & Fuels, 2, 362-370.
  2. Baxter, L. L. (1990) "The Evolution of Mineral Particle-Size Distributions During Early Stages of Coal Combustion," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 16, 261-266.
  3. Baxter, L. L. (1992) "Char Fragmentation and Fly-Ash Formation During Pulverized-Coal Combustion," Combustion and Flame, 90, 174-184.
  4. Baxter, L. L. (1993) "Ash Deposition During Biomass and Coal Combustion : a Mechanistic Approach," Biomass & Bioenergy, 4, 85-102.
  5. Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Influence of ash deposit chemistry and structure on physical and transport properties," Fuel Processing Technology, 56, 81-88.
  6. Baxter, L. L. and Desollar, R. W. (1993) "A Mechanistic Description of Ash Deposition During Pulverized Coal Combustion : Predictions Compared With Observations," Fuel, 72, 1411-1418.
  7. Baxter, L. L., Fletcher, T. H. and Ottesen, D. K. (1988) "Spectral Emittance Measurements of Coal Particles," Energy & Fuels, 2, 423-430.
  8. Baxter, L. L. and Habib, Z. G. (1992) "The Effect of Surfactants On Disaggregation of Coal-Water Slurry Particles During Combustion," Combustion and Flame, 90, 199-209.
  9. Baxter, L. L. and Mitchell, R. E. (1992) "The Release of Iron During the Combustion of Illinois No-6 Coal," Combustion and Flame, 88, 1-14.
  10. Baxter, L. L., Mitchell, R. E. and Fletcher, T. H. (1997) "Release of inorganic material during coal devolatilization," Combustion and Flame, 108, 494-502.
  11. Baxter, L. L., Mitchell, R. E., Fletcher, T. H. and Hurt, R. H. (1996) "Nitrogen release during coal combustion," Energy & Fuels, 10, 188-196.
  12. Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. H., Ottesen, D. K. and Harb, J. N. (1993) "In-Situ ; Real-Time Characterization of Coal Ash Deposits Using Fourier-Transform Infrared-Emission Spectroscopy," Energy & Fuels, 7, 755-760.
  13. Bernath, P., Sinquefield, S. A., Baxter, L. L., Sclippa, G., Rohlfing, C. M. and Barfield, M. (1998) "In situ analysis of ash deposits from black liquor combustion," Vibrational Spectroscopy, 16, 95-103.
  14. Dunn-Rankin, D. and Baxter, L. (1991) "The Role of Dispersants in Coal-Water Slurry Agglomeration During Combustion," Fuel, 70, 84-89.
  15. Jenkins, B. M., Baxter, L. L. and Miles, T. R. (1998) "Combustion properties of biomass," Fuel Processing Technology, 54, 17-46.
  16. Jenkins, B. M., Kayhanian, M., Baxter, L. L. and Salour, D. (1997) "Combustion of residual biosolids from a high solids anaerobic digestion aerobic composting process," Biomass & Bioenergy, 12, 367-381.
  17. Kaufmann, H., Nussbaumer, T., Baxter, L. and Yang, N. (2000) "Deposit formation on a single cylinder during combustion of herbaceous biomass," Fuel, 79, 141-151.
  18. Miles, T. R., Baxter, L. L., Bryers, R. W., Jenkins, B. M. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "Boiler deposits from firing biomass fuels," Biomass & Bioenergy, 10, 125-138.
  19. Nielsen, H. P., Baxter, L. L., Sclippa, G., Morey, C., Frandsen, F. J. and Dam-Johansen, K. (2000) "Deposition of potassium salts on heat transfer surfaces in straw-fired boilers: a pilot-scale study," Fuel, 79, 131-139.
  20. Ottesen, D. K., Baxter, L. L., Radziemski, L. J. and Burrows, J. F. (1991) "Laser Spark Emission-Spectroscopy For In Situ ; Real-Time Monitoring of Pulverized Coal Particle Composition," Energy & Fuels, 5, 304-312.
  21. Wall, T. F., Bhattacharya, S. P., Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. and Harb, J. N. (1995) "The Character of Ash Deposits and the Thermal Performance of Furnaces," Fuel Processing Technology, 44, 143-153.
  22. Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G. and Baxter, L. L. (2000) "Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits 1: Measurement Technique," Energy & Fuels, , submitted.
  23. Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G., Yang, N. Y. C. and Baxter, L. L. (2000) "Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits 2: Effects of Sintering," Energy & Fuels, , submitted.
  24. Buckley, S. G., Lunden, M. M., Robinson, A. L., Allen, D. C., Sandoval, A., Grebenkov, A. J. and Baxter, L. L. (2000) "Fate of Sr and Cs in Biomass Combustion," Environmental Science, submitted.
  25. Baxter, L. L. (1989) "The Evolution of Mineral Particle-Size Distributions During Coal Combustion," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 197, 15-FUEL.
  26. Baxter, L. L. (1989) "Turbulent Transport of Particles," Brigham Young University, Ph.D. Dissertation
  27. Baxter, L. L. (1996) "Influence of ash deposit chemistry and structure on physical and transport properties," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 211, 112-FUEL.
  28. Baxter, L. L. and Jenkins, B. M. (1995) "Laboratory Illustrations of the Transformations and Deposition of Inorganic Material in Biomass Boilers," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 210, 85-FUEL.
  29. Baxter, L. L. and Nielsen, H. P. (1997) "The effects of fuel-bound chlorine and alkali on corrosion initiation," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 214, 44-FUEL.
  30. Fletcher, T. H., Baxter, L. L. and Ottesen, D. K. (1987) "Spectral Emission Characteristics of Size-Graded Coal Particles," Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 194, 4-FUEL.

Archival, Peer-reviewed Conference Proceedings (don’t appear in commercial citation indexes but undergo comparable peer review and are available in archival form)
  1. Baxter, L. L., Hencken, K. R. and Harding, N. S. (1990) "The Dynamic Variation of Particle Capture Efficiency During Ash Deposition in Coal-Coal Fired Combustors," In Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion Orleans, France, pp. 993-999.
  2. Buckley, S. G., Robinson, A. L. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Energetics to Energy: Combustion and Environmental Considerations Surrounding the Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Boiler Fuel," In Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion Combustion Institute, Boulder, CO.
  3. Richards, G. H., Harb, J. N., Baxter, L. L., Bhattacharya, S., Bupta, R. P. and Wall, T. F. (1994) "Radiative Heat Transfer in PC-Fired Boilers — Development of the Absorptive/Reflective Character of Initial Ash Deposits on Walls," In Twenty-Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute, Irvine, CA.
  4. Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "In Situ Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits," In Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion Combustion Institute, Boulder, CO, pp. 1727-1735.
  5. Robinson, A. L., Junker, H., Buckley, S. G., Sclippa, G. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Interactions between Coal and Biomass when Cofiring," In Twenty-Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion Combustion Institute, Boulder, CO, pp. 1351-1359.
  6. Baxter, L. L. (2000) "Distinguishing Characteristics of Biomass Combustion Technologies," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  7. Baxter, L. L., Chaney, J. and Mehta, A. (2000) "Fireside Coal Quality Impacts Predicted by Boiler Simulator," In Effects of Coal Quality on Power Plant Management: Ash Problems, Management and Solutions Park City, Utah, pp. accepted.
  8. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. C. and Buckley, S. (2000) "Engineering Models of Biomass Combustion Processes," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  9. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. C. and Buckley, S. (2000) "The Potential Role of Biomass in Power Generation," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  10. Baxter, L. L., Rumminger, M., Lind, T., Tillman, D. and Hughes, E. (2000) "Cofiring Biomass in Coal Boilers: Pilot- and Utility-scale Experiences," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  11. Abbott, M. F., Douglas, R. E., Fink, C. E., Deluliis, N. J. and Baxter, L. L. (1993) "A Modeling Strategy for Correlating Coal Quality to Power Plant Performance and Power Costs," In Engineering Foundation Conference on The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants Solihull, England.
  12. Baxter, L. L. (1993) "In Situ, Real-Time Emission FTIR Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic for Ash Deposition During Coal Combustion," In Engineering Foundation Conference on The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants Solihull, England.
  13. Baxter, L. L., Abbott, M. F. and Douglas, R. E. (1991) "Dependence of Elemental Ash Deposit Composition on Coal Ash Chemistry and Combustor Environment," In Engineering Foundation Conference on Inorganic Transformations and Ash Deposition During Combustion(Ed, Benson, S. A.) The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Palm Coast, Florida, pp. 679-698.
  14. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Jenkins, B. M., Milne, T., Dayton, D., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "The Behavior of Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Power Boilers: Field and Laboratory Experiences," In Engineering Foundation Conference on Industrial and Utility Use of Biomass Snowbird, UT.
  15. Grebenkov, A., Iakoushev, A., Baxter, L., Allen, D., Junker, H. and Roed, J. (1997) "Energy Production form Contaminated Biomass: Progress of On-going Collaboration Projects," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Economic and Environmental Aspects of Coal Utilization Santa Barbara, CA.
  16. Gupta, R., Wall, T. F. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Thermal Conductivity of Coal Ash Deposits," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Impact of Mineral Impurities on Solid Fuel Combustion Kona, HI.
  17. Jenkins, B. M., Baxter, L. L., Jr., T. R. M. and Miles, T. R. (1996) "Combustion Properties of Biomass," In Engineering Foundation Conference on Industrial and Utility Use of Biomass Snowbird, UT.
  18. Junker, H., Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. L. and Widell, K. E. (1997) "Cofiring Biomass and Coal: Plant Comparisons and Experimental Investigation of Deposit Formation," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Impact of Mineral Impurities on Solid Fuel Combustion Kona, HI.
  19. Robinson, A. L., Baxter, L. L., Sclippa, G., Junker, H., Widell, K. E., Dayton, D. C., Belle-Oudry, D., Freeman, M., Walbert, G. and Goldberg, P. (1997) "Fireside Considerations when Cofiring Biomass with Coal in PC Boilers," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Impact of Mineral Impurities on Solid Fuel Combustion Kona, HI.
  20. Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G., Sclippa, G. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "In Situ Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits formed in a Pilot-Scale Combustor," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Impact of Mineral Impurities on Solid Fuel Combustion Kona, HI.
  21. Robinson, A. L., Junker, H. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Pollutant Formation, Ash Deposition, and Fly Ash Properties When Cofiring Biomass and Coal," In Engineering Foundation Conference on the Economic and Environmental Aspects of Coal Utilization Santa Barbara, CA.
  22. Wall, T. F., Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. and Harb, J. N. (1993) In Engineering Foundation Conference on Coal Blending and Switching of Western Low-Sulfur Coals(Eds, Bryers, R. W. and Harding, N. S.) ASME, New York, pp. 453-463.

Normal Conference Proceedings, Reports, etc.
  1. Abbott, M. F., Douglas, R. E., Fink, C. E., Deluliis, N. J. and Baxter, L. L. (1994) In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants(Eds, Williamson, J. and Wigley, F.) Taylor & Francis, Washington D.C., pp. 165-176.
  2. Bakker, R. R., Jenkins, B. M., Williams, R. B., Carlson, W., Duffy, J., Baxter, L. L. and Tiangco, V. M. (1997) "Boiler Performance and Furnace Deposition During a Full Scale Test with Leached Biomass," In 3rd Biomass Conference of the Americas, Vol. 1 (Eds, Overend, R. P. and Chornet, E.) Elsevier Science Limited, Montréal, Ontario, Canada, pp. 497-510.
  3. Baxter, L. (1991) "Preliminary Hazard Assessment: Multifuel Combustor Laboratory," Sandia National Laboratories, .
  4. Baxter, L., Davis, K., Sinquefield, S., Huey, S., Lipkin, J., Shah, D., Ross, J. and Sclippa, G. (1995) "Combustion Aspects of The Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Fuels As a Viable Demil Technology," In 1995 Global Demilitarization Symposium and Exhibition, Vol. 1 St. Louis, MO, pp. 17-27.
  5. Baxter, L., Davis, K., Sinquefield, S., Huey, S., Lipkin, J., Shah, D., Ross, J. and Sclippa, G. (1995) "Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Fuels," In Joint Conference of the American Flame Research Committee and the Combined Central States/Western States/Mexican National Sections of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 1 San Antonio, TX, pp. 382-387.
  6. Baxter, L. L. (1990) "Ash Composition Prediction as a Function of Coal Type, Operating Conditions, and Boiler Location," In EPRI conference on the Effects of Coal Quality on Power Plants(Eds, Mehta, A. K. and Harding, N. S.) Electric Power Research Institute, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 5/59-5/74.
  7. Baxter, L. L. (1992) "Boiler Performance with Blends of Eastern and Western Coals," In EPRI Conference on The Effects of Coal Quality on Power Plants San Diego, CA.
  8. Baxter, L. L. (1994) "The effect of Low-NOx Firing on Fireside Performance," In International Joint Power Generation Conference Scottsdale, AZ, pp. 211-220.
  9. Baxter, L. L. (1994) In Coal-Blending and Switching of Low-Sulfur Western Coals(Eds, Bryers, R. W. and Harding, N. S.) ASME, New York, pp. 255-264.
  10. Baxter, L. L. (1995) "The effect of Low-NOx Firing on Fireside Performance," In The Economic and Environmental Aspects of Coal Utilization VI Santa Barbara, CA.
  11. Baxter, L. L. (1995) In The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants(Eds, Williamson, J. and Wigley, F.) Taylor & Francis, Washington D.C., pp. 313-323.
  12. Baxter, L. L. (1996) "Influence of Ash Deposit Chemistry and Structure on Physical and Transport Properties," In American Chemical Society Annual Meeting - Fuel Section New Orleans, LA.
  13. Baxter, L. L. (1999) "Application of Combustion Modeling to Boiler Problem Solving: Strengths and Weaknesses," In CODE Kickoff Seminar, Vol. 1 Tekes, Helsinki, Finland.
  14. Baxter, L. L., Blander, M., Dayton, D. and Milne, T. A. (1996) "Thermochemical Equilibrium as an Indicator of Ash Deposition Problems in Biomass Boilers," In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Banff, Canada.
  15. Baxter, L. L., Blander, M., Dayton, D. and Milne, T. A. (1997) In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Vol. 2 (Eds, Bridgwater, A. V. and Boocock, D. G. B.) Blackie Academic & Professional, London, pp. 1278-1292.
  16. Baxter, L. L., Chaney, J. and Mehta, A. (2000) "Fireside Coal Quality Impacts Predicted by Boiler Simulator," In Effects of Coal Quality on Power Plant Management: Ash Problems, Management and Solutions Park City, Utah, pp. accepted.
  17. Baxter, L. L. and DeSollar, R. W. (1991) "Ash Deposition as a Function of Coal Type, Location in a Boiler, and Boiler Operating Conditions: Predictions Compared to Observations," In International Conference on Environmental Control of Combustion Processes Honolulu, HA.
  18. Baxter, L. L. and Dora, L. (1992) "The Combustion Behavior of a Blend of Eastern and Western Coals: Comparisons Between a Blend and Its Individual Components," ASME Paper No. 92-JPGC-FACT-14, .
  19. Baxter, L. L., Gale, T., Sinquefield, S. and Sclippa, G. (1997) In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Vol. 2 (Eds, Bridgwater, A. V. and Boocock, D. G. B.) Blackie Academic and Professional, London, pp. 1247-1262.
  20. Baxter, L. L., Grebenkov, A., Kofman, P., Allen, D., Roed, J. and Junker, H. (1998) "Chernobyl Bioenergy Project: Final Report, Phase 1," Elsamprojekt, Fredericia.
  21. Baxter, L. L., Huey, S., Lipkin, J., Shah, D., Ross, J. and Sclippa, G. (1996) "Boiler Fuel as a Recycling Option for Energetic Materials," In Fourth International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemical Propulsion Stockholm, Sweden.
  22. Baxter, L. L., Huey, S., Lipkin, J., Shah, D., Ross, J. and Sclippa, G. (1996) "Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Boilers Fuels," In 1996 Global Demilitarization Symposium & Exhibition Sparks, NV.
  23. Baxter, L. L. and Jenkins, B. M. (1994) "Baseline NOx Emissions During Combustion of Wood-Derived Pyrolysis Oils," In Specialists Workshop on Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Combustion NREL, Estes Park, CO.
  24. Baxter, L. L. and Jenkins, B. M. (1995) "Laboratory Illustrations of the Transformations and Deposition of Inorganic Material in Biomass Boilers," In ACS National Meeting, Division of Fuel Chemistry Chicago, IL.
  25. Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M., Blander, M., Dayton, D. and Milne, T. A. (1996) "Equilibrium Considerations During Ash Deposition in Biomass Boilers," In 9th European Bioenergy Conference, Vol. 2 (Eds, Chartier, P., Ferrero, G. L., Henius, U. M., Hultberg, S., Sachau, J. and Wiinblad, M.) Elsevier, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1108-1113.
  26. Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M., Gale, T., Sinquefield, S. and Sclippa, G. (1996) "Ash Deposit Chemistry and Structure Influences on Physical and Transport Properties," In 9th European Bioenergy Conference, Vol. 1 (Eds, Chartier, P., Ferrero, G. L., Henius, U. M., Hultberg, S., Sachau, J. and Wiinblad, M.) Elsevier, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 198-203.
  27. Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Milne, T., Dayton, D., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "Inorganic Material Deposition in Biomass Boilers," In 9th European Bioenergy Conference, Vol. 2 (Eds, Chartier, P., Ferrero, G. L., Henius, U. M., Hultberg, S., Sachau, J. and Wiinblad, M.) Elsevier, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 1114-1122.
  28. Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M., Miles, T. R., Miles Jr., T. R., Oden, L., Bryers, R., Milne, T. and Dayton, D. (1995) "Ash Behavior in Biomass Boilers," .
  29. Baxter, L. L., Lipkin, J., Ross, J. and Sclippa, G. (1996) "NOx Formation During Combustion of Energetic Materials," In Second International Conference on Combustion (ICOC '96): Conversion and Environmental Problems of Energetic Materials Peaceful Utilization of Energetic Materials St. Petersburg, Russia.
  30. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Jenkins, B. M., Milne, T., Dayton, D., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "The Behavior of Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Power Boilers: Field and Laboratory Experiences," In Engineering Foundation Conference on Industrial and Utility Use of Biomass Snowbird, UT.
  31. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Jenkins, B. M., Milne, T., Dayton, D., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "An Overview of the Alkali Deposits Project: The Behavior of Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Power Boilers," In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Banff, Canada.
  32. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Jenkins, B. M., Milne, T., Dayton, D., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1997) In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Vol. 2 (Eds, Bridgwater, A. V. and Boocock, D. G. B.) Blackie Academic & Professional, London, pp. 1424-1444.
  33. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Miles, T. R., Jr., Jenkins, B. M., Richards, G. R. and Oden, L. L. (1993) "Transformations and Deposition of Inorganic Material in Biomass Boilers," In Second International Conference on Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, Vol. 1 (Ed, Carvalho, M. G.) Commission of European Communities, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. Biomass II: 9-15.
  34. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Miles, T. R. J., Jenkins, B. M., Dayton, D. C., Milne, T. A., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "Alkali deposits found in biomass boilers: The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired boilers - Field and laboratory experiences," Sandia National Laboratories, .
  35. Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Thomas R. Miles, J., Jenkins, B. M., Dayton, D., Milne, T., Bryers, R. W. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "The Behavior or Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Power Boilers -- Field and Laboratory Experiences: Volume II of Alkali Deposits Found in Biomass Power Plants," Sandia National Laboratories; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, .
  36. Baxter, L. L. and Nielsen, H. P. (1997) "The Effects of Fuel-bound Chlorine and Alkali on Corrosion Initiation," In American Chemical Society Annual MeetingLas Vegas, NV.
  37. Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. and Harb, J. (1994) "Application of Advanced Technology to Ash-Related Problems in Boilers," In EPRI Conference on the Effects of Coal Quality on Power Plants EPRI, Charleston, SC.
  38. Baxter, L. L. and Robinson, A. (1999) In Biomass: A Growth Opportunity for Green Energy and Value-added Products, Vol. 2 (Eds, Overend, R. P. and Chornet, E.) Elsevier Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp. 1277-1284.
  39. Baxter, L. L. and Robinson, A. (1999) "Key Issues When Cofiring Biomass with Coal in pc Boilers," In Pittsburgh Coal Conference Pittsburgh, PA.
  40. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. C. and Buckley, S. (2000) "Engineering Models of Biomass Combustion Processes," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  41. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. C. and Buckley, S. (2000) "The Potential Role of Biomass in Power Generation," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  42. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. and Sclippa, G. (1997) "Combustion Research in Sandia's Multifuel Combustor," In PETC Program Review Meeting Pittsburgh, PA.
  43. Baxter, L. L., Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G., Junker, H., Sclippa, G. and Widell, K. E. (1997) "Biomass-Coal Cofiring: Imperatives and Experimental Investigations," In 3rd Biomass Conference of the Americas Montréal, Ontario, Canada.
  44. Baxter, L. L., Rumminger, M., Lind, T., Tillman, D. and Hughes, E. (2000) "Cofiring Biomass in Coal Boilers: Pilot- and Utility-scale Experiences," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 1st World Conference and Technology Exhibition Seville, Spain, pp. accepted.
  45. Buckley, S. G., Lunden, M. M., Robinson, A. L., Allen, D. C., Sandoval, A., Grebenkov, A. J. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Fate of Sr and Cs in Biomass Combustion," Environmental Science, (submitted).
  46. Buckley, S. G., Morey, C. J., Robinson, A. L. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Feasibility of Energetic Materials Combustion in Utility Boilers: Pilot-scale Study," In 1997 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute Sandia National Laboratories' Combustion Research Facility, Livermore, CA.
  47. Buckley, S. G., Robinson, A. L. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "The Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Boiler Fuels," In The 5th Global Demilitarization Symposium and Exhibition Reno, NV.
  48. Buckley, S. G., Robinson, A. L., Morey, C. J. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Combustion Properties of Energetic Materials," In The Fifth International Congress on Toxic Combustion Byproducts Dayton, OH.
  49. Buckley, S. G., Sclippa, G. C. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Combustion Tests of Rocket Motor Washout Material: Part I — Focus on Air Toxics Formation Potential and Asbestos Remediation," Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA.
  50. Grebenkov, A. J., Iakoushev, A. P. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Prerequisites for Feasible Conversion of Radioactive Biomass Into Energy," In 1997 International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies Oakland, CA.
  51. Jenkins, B. M., Baker, R., Gilmer, J. and Baxter, L. L. (1996) "Combustion Behavior of Leached Straw," In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Banff, Canada.
  52. Jenkins, B. M., Bakker, R. R., Baxter, L. L., Gilmer, J. H. and Wei, J. B. (1997) In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, Vol. 2 (Eds, Bridgwater, A. V. and Boocock, D. G. B.) Blackie Academic & Professional, London, pp. 1316-1330.
  53. Jenkins, B. M., Bakker, R. R., Goronea, R. B. W. M. A., Carlson, W., Duffy, J., Baxter, L. L. and Tiangco, V. M. (1997) "Combustion of Leached Rice Straw in Wheelabrator-Shasta Boiler No. 1 at Temperatures above 900°C," In 1997 Spring Meeting of the Western States Section of the Combustion Institute Sandia National Laboratories, Combustion Research Facility, Livermore, CA.
  54. Jenkins, B. M., Bakker, R. R., Williams, R. B., Baxter, L. L., Turn, S. Q., Thy, P., Sime, M., Lesher, C., Sclippa, G. and Kinoshita, C. (1997) "Measurements of the Fouling and Slagging Characteristics of Banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum) Following Aqueous Extraction of Inorganic Constituents," In 3rd Biomass Conference of the Americas(Eds, Overend, R. P. and Chornet, E.) Elsevier Science Limited, Montréal, Ontario, Canada, pp. 795-718.
  55. Jenkins, B. M. and Baxter, L. L. (1994) "Uncontrolled pollutant emissions from biomass combustion under simulated boiler furnace conditions," In AFRC-JFRD Pacific Rim International Conference on Environmental Control of Combustion Processes Maui, HA.
  56. Jenkins, B. M., Baxter, L. L., Miles, T. R., Jr., T. R. M., Oden, L. L., Bryers, R. W. and Winter, E. (1994) "Composition of Ash Deposits in Biomass Fueled Boilers: Results of Full-scale and Laboratory Simulations," In ASAE ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, pp. Paper No. 946007.
  57. Jenkins, B. M., Sime, M., Bakker, R. R., Williams, R. B., Baxter, L. L., Turn, S. Q., Thy, P., Lesher, C., Sclippa, G. and Kinoshita, C. (1997) "Combustion Characteristics of High alkali biomass: laboratory characterizations of the combustion properties of bagasse and banagrass," University of California, Davis, .
  58. Junker, H., Fogh, F., Baxter, L. and Robinson, A. (1998) "Co-firing Biomass and Coal: Experimental Investigations of Deposit Formation," In 10th European Conference and Technology Exhibition Würzburg, Germany.
  59. Kaufmann, H., Nussbaumer, T., Baxter, L. L. and Yang, N. (1998) "Mechanisms of Deposit Formation During Biomass Combustion," In Biomass for Energy and Industry: 10th European Conference and Technology Exhibition Würzburg, Germany.
  60. Miles, T. R., Miles Jr., T. R., Baxter, L. L., Bryers, R. W., Jenkins, B. M. and Oden, L. L. (1995) "Alkali Deposits Found in Biomass Power Plants," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, .
  61. Miles, T. R., Miles, T. R., Jr., Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M. and Oden, L. L. (1993) "Alkali Slagging Problems with Biomass Fuels," In First Biomass Conference of the Americas: Energy, Environment, Agriculture, and Industry, Vol. 1 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Burlington, VT, pp. 406-421.
  62. Miles, T. R., Miles, T. R. J., Baxter, L. L., Jenkins, B. M. and Oden, L. L. (1994) "Alkali in Alternative Biofuels," In International Joint Power Generation Conference Scottsdale, AZ, pp. 211-220.
  63. Miles, T. R., Thomas R. Miles, J., Baxter, L. L., Bryers, R. W., Jenkins, B. M. and Oden, L. L. (1996) "Boiler Deposits from Firing Biomass Fuels," Biomass and Bioenergy, 10, 125-138.
  64. Mitchell, R. E., Hurt, R. H., Baxter, L. L. and Hardesty, D. R. (1992) "Compilation of Sandia coal char combustion data and kinetic analyses: milestone report," Sandia, .
  65. Nielsen, H. P., Baxter, L. L., Sclippa, G., Morey, C., Frandsen, F. and Dam-Hansen, K. (1998) "Deposition of Potassium Salt on Heat Transfer Surfaces in Straw-fired Boiler: A Pilot-Scale Study," Fuel, submitted.
  66. Nielsen, H. P., Frandsen, F. J., Dam-Johansen, K. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Chlorine-Induced High-Temperature Corrosion of Superheater Tubes - a Literature Study," Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
  67. Richards, G. H., Harb, J. N. and Baxter, L. L. (1995) "Investigation of Mechanisms for the Formation of Ash Deposits for Two Powder River Basin Coals," In Application of Advanced Technology to Ash Related Problems in Boilers(Ed, Baxter, L. L.) Plenum, Waterville Valley, New Hampshire.
  68. Robinson, A., Baxter, L. L., Freeman, M., James, R. and Dayton, D. (1998) "Issues Associated with Coal-Biomass Cofiring," In Bioenergy '98Madison, Wisconsin.
  69. Robinson, A., Lunden, M., Shaddix, C. and Baxter, L. L. (1999) "Combustion Rates of Maple Wood Particles," In First Joint Meeting of the US Sections of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 1 George Washington University, Washington D.C., pp. 405-408.
  70. Robinson, A. L., Baxter, L. L., Dayton, D., Freeman, M. and Goldberg, P. (1997) "Biomass-Coal Cofiring Experience among Three Laboratories," In NYSEG Reveiw Meeting Geneva, New York.
  71. Robinson, A. L., Buckley, S. G., Lunden, M., Shaddix, C. and Baxter, L. L. (1998) "Combustion characteristics of biomass fuels," In Western States Section of the Combustion Institute Berkeley, CA.
  72. Robinson, A. L., Junker, H. and Baxter, L. L. (1997) "Ash Deposition and Pollutant Formation when cofiring Biomass with Coal in PC Boilers," In EPRI Coal Quality Conference Kansas City, MO.
  73. Sinquefield, S. A., Baxter, L. L. and William J. Frederick, J. (1998) "An Experimental Study of the Mechanisms of Fine Particle Deposition in Kraft Recovery Boilers," In 1998 TAPPI International Chemical Recovery Conference, Vol. 2 TAPPI Press, Tampa, FL, pp. 443-467.
  74. Smith, P. J. and Baxter, L. L. (1986) "A Study of Turbulent Particle Dispersion in Pulverized Coal Combustion and Gasification," In 1986 Spring Meeting of the Western States and Canadian Sections of the Combustion Institute Banff, Alberta, Canada.
  75. Wall, T. F., Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. and Harb, J. N. (1993) In Engineering Foundation Conference on Coal Blending and Switching of Western Low-Sulfur Coals(Eds, Bryers, R. W. and Harding, N. S.) ASME, New York, pp. 453-463.
  76. Wall, T. F., Baxter, L. L., Richards, G. and Harb, J. N. (1994) In Coal-Blending and Switching of Low-Sulfur Western Coals(Eds, Bryers, R. W. and Harding, N. S.) ASME, New York, pp. 453-463.
  77. Wall, T. F., Bhattacharya, S. P., Baxter, L. L., Young, B. C. and Grisanti, A. A. (1995) "Ash Deposit Properties and Radiative Transfer in Coal Fired Plant - Current Understanding and New Developments," In Application of Advanced Technology to Ash Related Problems in Boilers(Ed, Baxter, L. L.) Plenum, Waterville Valley, New Hampshire.
  78. Williams, R. B., Jenkins, B. M., Bakker, R. R. and Baxter, L. L. (1999) In Biomass: A Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-added Products, Vol. 2 (Eds, Overend, R. P. and Chornet, E.) Elsevier Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK, pp. 1393-1399.
  79. Wornat, J., Baxter, L. and Hardesty, D. (1993) "Combustion Studies of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils and Chars," Sandia National Laboratories, .
  80. Yang, N. Y. C. and Baxter, L. L. (1991) "Instrument and Sample Preparation Considerations for Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Analyses," In Conference on Inorganic Transformations and Ash Deposition During Combustion(Ed, Benson, S. A.) ASME, Palm Coast, Florida, pp. 191-206.